The First Vietnam War
After Japan was completely defeated, Vietnam leader declared independence. But France wanted to control the Indochina peninsula. In the end of 1946, the war between France and Vietnam had outbreak in Haiphong. This war was called "The First Vietnam War" or "The First Indochina War". This war lasted for 9 years after France defeated in the "Battle of Dien Bien Phu ".
Since the 1950s, China supported Vietnam and America supported war supplies to France. They had a fierce battle but France could not prevail Vietnam. France failed the military operations, so they had a plan to lure the Vietnam army to Dien Bien Phu which is located near the border of Laos.
This plan was the good target to Vietnam because French army was assemble together in one place.
Also the Geneva confernece was accomplished about the Korean War and Indochina problem.
Finally, on May 7, 1954, the First Vietnam War culminated victory in Vietnam.
The Second Vietnam War
Vietnam was classified in North Vietnam and South Vietnam by China and Soviet Union after the First Vietnam War. In 1955, support by America Ngo Dinh Diem became the president in South Vietnam
and they build Republic of Vietnam. The attack of the revolutionary force were becoming stronger in South Vietnam. America thought that they could lose Vietnam so they start to attack Ho Chi Minh Trail.
America initiate an AAAAssaclcdmcdaaAaAnti Communist policy worldwide, wanted to stop establishing communist regime in Indochina peninsula so they supply south Vietnam. The North Vietnam is lead by Ho Chi Minh who was communist and nationalist. In 1965, bombing from north Vietnam, the war between America started. Also, America decided to enter the Vietnam War because of the gulf of Tonkin, August 1964.
In 1961, by the President John F. Kennedy's decision America dispatch 16,000 army in South Vietnam until the end of 1963. America drop the 100 thousand ton of bomb in North Vietnam to lose the fighting power but it make North Vietnam begin to enter the war. American army misjudge that they could win easily. Many of the countries did not agree but Korea supported South Vietnam.
The Process of Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was happened after the World War II. In August 1964 a torpedo attack from north Vietnam, American council pass the policy of ‘Gulf of Tonking Resolution’,
that president can give his approval concerning all action related to war, fully took a part in the war. Vietnam war prevent communism force in the cold war system so Korea, Philippines, Australia,
and New Zealand etc ally dispatch an army.
Civilian casualties from War
In the early of this war, it was recognized as protect democracy and stop the spread of communism
but time has passed, it’s very different than the first. 195,000 to 430,000 South Vietnamese civilians
died in the war and 50,000 to 65,000 North Vietnamese civilians died in the war.
Between In the south Vietnam, boundary between opponent and ours become vague and total 2 million died and damaged from it. 200,000 and 300,000 Cambodians died during the war. About 60,000 Laotians also died, and 58,220 U.S. service members were killed.
In Vietnam war America dispatched 553,000 soldiers and among them 58,000 died. Koreans who participated in Vietnam war died 5,000 soldiers died and 16,000 wounded.
In the case of Vietnam, 1,000,000 soldiers died and 2,000,000 citizens also sacrificed and the postwar atmospheric formed.
The cause of defeat at the war
First reason is that communists in North Vietnam urged nationalism
so that citizens have strong feelings about unification then they could overcome the shortages of their military power.
Secondly, elite class in America posed a question whether the U.S intervening at the War is appropriate. Through the media and public hearings, its aspect of against international law spreads to the America society and also the usage of defoliant and massacre general people were received coverage.
So this truth came out, and in October 15th 1969 people set this day as anti-war at Vietnam then starts anti-war campaigns. These kind of anti-war campaigns make U.S government decide the end of the war.
American Society react to Vietnam
Anti-war campaigns have crucial influence in deciding policy of U.S society. First, way of thinking that making policy obeying the international law is good for country than performing foreign policy
against the law.
Second, if America’s polices establish wrong, and violate the international law, it is obligation of citizens. Although the government wrongly behaves, we have to say “no” also.
It is one way of doing patriotism.
Lastly, people have to search for way to end of the war, if we couldn’t expect that government will not going to amend the policies, we have to intensify public opinion.
End of War
In 1973 January, according to Peace Conference at Paris, America concluded a truce stopped the supply for South Vietnam. In late 1973, American soldiers all withdrawal.
In 1974 April, South Vietnam surrendered to Northern Vietnam finally ended 30 years long war and
united.
After Japan was completely defeated, Vietnam leader declared independence. But France wanted to control the Indochina peninsula. In the end of 1946, the war between France and Vietnam had outbreak in Haiphong. This war was called "The First Vietnam War" or "The First Indochina War". This war lasted for 9 years after France defeated in the "Battle of Dien Bien Phu ".
Since the 1950s, China supported Vietnam and America supported war supplies to France. They had a fierce battle but France could not prevail Vietnam. France failed the military operations, so they had a plan to lure the Vietnam army to Dien Bien Phu which is located near the border of Laos.
This plan was the good target to Vietnam because French army was assemble together in one place.
Also the Geneva confernece was accomplished about the Korean War and Indochina problem.
Finally, on May 7, 1954, the First Vietnam War culminated victory in Vietnam.
The Second Vietnam War
Vietnam was classified in North Vietnam and South Vietnam by China and Soviet Union after the First Vietnam War. In 1955, support by America Ngo Dinh Diem became the president in South Vietnam
and they build Republic of Vietnam. The attack of the revolutionary force were becoming stronger in South Vietnam. America thought that they could lose Vietnam so they start to attack Ho Chi Minh Trail.
America initiate an AAAAssaclcdmcdaaAaAnti Communist policy worldwide, wanted to stop establishing communist regime in Indochina peninsula so they supply south Vietnam. The North Vietnam is lead by Ho Chi Minh who was communist and nationalist. In 1965, bombing from north Vietnam, the war between America started. Also, America decided to enter the Vietnam War because of the gulf of Tonkin, August 1964.
In 1961, by the President John F. Kennedy's decision America dispatch 16,000 army in South Vietnam until the end of 1963. America drop the 100 thousand ton of bomb in North Vietnam to lose the fighting power but it make North Vietnam begin to enter the war. American army misjudge that they could win easily. Many of the countries did not agree but Korea supported South Vietnam.
The Process of Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was happened after the World War II. In August 1964 a torpedo attack from north Vietnam, American council pass the policy of ‘Gulf of Tonking Resolution’,
that president can give his approval concerning all action related to war, fully took a part in the war. Vietnam war prevent communism force in the cold war system so Korea, Philippines, Australia,
and New Zealand etc ally dispatch an army.
Civilian casualties from War
In the early of this war, it was recognized as protect democracy and stop the spread of communism
but time has passed, it’s very different than the first. 195,000 to 430,000 South Vietnamese civilians
died in the war and 50,000 to 65,000 North Vietnamese civilians died in the war.
Between In the south Vietnam, boundary between opponent and ours become vague and total 2 million died and damaged from it. 200,000 and 300,000 Cambodians died during the war. About 60,000 Laotians also died, and 58,220 U.S. service members were killed.
In Vietnam war America dispatched 553,000 soldiers and among them 58,000 died. Koreans who participated in Vietnam war died 5,000 soldiers died and 16,000 wounded.
In the case of Vietnam, 1,000,000 soldiers died and 2,000,000 citizens also sacrificed and the postwar atmospheric formed.
The cause of defeat at the war
First reason is that communists in North Vietnam urged nationalism
so that citizens have strong feelings about unification then they could overcome the shortages of their military power.
Secondly, elite class in America posed a question whether the U.S intervening at the War is appropriate. Through the media and public hearings, its aspect of against international law spreads to the America society and also the usage of defoliant and massacre general people were received coverage.
So this truth came out, and in October 15th 1969 people set this day as anti-war at Vietnam then starts anti-war campaigns. These kind of anti-war campaigns make U.S government decide the end of the war.
American Society react to Vietnam
Anti-war campaigns have crucial influence in deciding policy of U.S society. First, way of thinking that making policy obeying the international law is good for country than performing foreign policy
against the law.
Second, if America’s polices establish wrong, and violate the international law, it is obligation of citizens. Although the government wrongly behaves, we have to say “no” also.
It is one way of doing patriotism.
Lastly, people have to search for way to end of the war, if we couldn’t expect that government will not going to amend the policies, we have to intensify public opinion.
End of War
In 1973 January, according to Peace Conference at Paris, America concluded a truce stopped the supply for South Vietnam. In late 1973, American soldiers all withdrawal.
In 1974 April, South Vietnam surrendered to Northern Vietnam finally ended 30 years long war and
united.